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45x^4y^2 - 75x^3y + 30 xy^4
The numbers are 45, 75 and 30
Their GCF = 15
The GCF of the variables will be the variable with the lowest power/exponent
GCF of x^4 y^2, x^3 y, xy^4 = xy
So 45x^4y^2 - 75x^3y + 30 xy^4
= 15xy (3x^3y - 5x^2 + 2y^3)