If is a factor of then will divide into evenly. (Think about it.) If (x-1)*(the-other-factor) = then (the-other-factor) = . So all we need to do to figure out the other factor is divide. Synthetic division is probably easiest:
1 | 1 1 1 -3
--- 1 2 3
------------
1 2 3 0
As we can see, the remainder is zero. (x-1) does actually divide into evenly. And the other factor is found in front of the zero: "1 2 3" or
You can check by multiplying and see if you get