.
According to the context, the coefficients of linear binomials are (should be) integer numbers.
Otherwise, the problem has INFINITELY MANY solutions.
Consider
10x^2 + tx + 8 = (ax+b)*(cx+d).
Then we want to have ac = 10, bd = 8.
We have these cases
a= 10, c= 1, b= 8, d= 1; (10x+8)*(1x+1) = 10x^2 + 18x + 8; t = 18.
a= 5, c= 2, b= 8, d= 1; ( 5x+8)*(2x+1) = 10x^2 + 21x + 8; t = 21.
a= -10, c= -1, b= 8, d= 1; (-10x+8)*(-1x+1) = 10x^2 - 18x + 8; t = -18.
a= -5, c= -2, b= 8, d= 1; ( -5x+8)*(-2x+1) = 10x^2 + 21x + 8; t = -21.
It is only the beginning of an analysis.
The full number of cases is MUCH MORE.
I showed the idea to you.
Having a patience, you may continue and complete it ON YOUR OWN.
REMEMBER: you must satisfy two equalities ac= 10, bd= 8 in integer numbers by trial and error;
try all appropriate positive and negative integer pairs. Then for "t" you have this values t = ad + bc.
I wish you pleasant pastime (!)
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Ignore the post by @josgarithmetic, since it is IRRELEVANT to the posed problem.
Do not distract yourself reading the post from @MathLover1.
Learn from good sources (!) (!)