(4 + a)(4 - a) - 12 - 3a (4 + a)(4 - a) - 3(4 + a) ----- Factoring - 12 - 3a (4 - a)(4 + a) - 3(4 + a) ----- Rearranging 1st product [(4 - a) - 3](4 + a) (4 - a - 3)(4 + a) =====>