You are given x + y = a, (1)= b (2) You are asked to find the value of . Square the equality (1) (both sides). You will get = . (3) Subtract (2) from (3) (both sides). You will get 2xy = . (4) Now we are ready to evaluate . = (I suppose you know this classic/basic factoring) = (I just replaced the factor x+y by its value a, according to (1)) = (I just replaced by 'b' and replaced xy by , due to (4) ) = = .