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what is the diameter of the circle that will fit inside a regular pentagon with 2-inch sides
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I crossed above, since there is NO the largest diameter.
All diameters of a circle have the same length.
Consider one of 5 isosceles triangles that make this pentagon.
The base of this triangle is 2 inches, hence, half of the base is 1 inch long.
The angle of the triangle, opposite to the base, is 360/5 = 72 degrees;
half of this angle is 36 degrees.
Let r be the radius of the circle, inscribed in this pentagon (in inches).
Then = tan(36).
Hence, r = = = 1.3763819 inches.
For tan(36), there is special formula tan(36) = .
For deriving this formula, see, for example, this source
https://www.cuemath.com/trigonometry/tan-36-degrees/
or many others (it is a classic in Trigonometry).
So, the answer to your question for the diameter is
D = = = 2.752763841 inches.
Solved.