The formula for the number of "derangements", or the ways a given n-permutation can be rearranged so that every element moves to a new position is called n-subfactorial, and is denoted by !n, the exclamation mark is before the number instead of after it like a regular factorial. The formula is, where e = 2.718281828459045235360287471352662497757247093699959574966967... Edwin