Indirectly: There are 265 ways to arrange 5 alphabet letters in a row That's 11881376 ways We need to subtract the unacceptab;le ones: 1. Those which have exactly 5 letters in a row all the same 12345 XXXXX There are 26 ways to choose what X represents. That's 26 ways That's 26 ways to subtract 2. Those which have exactly 4 letters in a row the same: 12345 12345 XXXX- -XXXX Choose the position for the four in a row in 2 ways Choose the X 26 ways Choose the - 25 ways That's 2x26x25 = 1300 more ways to subtract 3. Those which have exactly 3 letters in a row on either end: 12345 12345 XXX-- --XXX Choose the position for the three in a row in 2 ways Choose the X 26 ways Choose the - that's next to an X in 25 ways Choose the - on the end in 26 ways (it can be the same as X or its neighbor) That's 2x26x25x26 = 33800 ways to subtract 4. Those which have exactly 3 letters in a row in the middle: 12345 -XXX- Choose the X 26 ways Choose the left - in 25 ways Choose the right - in 25 ways That's 26x25x25 = 16250 more ways to subtract Total = 11881376 - 26 - 1300 - 33800 - 16250 = 11830000 ------------------------------ Direct. 1. Those which have no two in a row: 12345 ----- Choose letter #1 26 ways Choose letter #2 25 ways Choose letter #3 25 ways (can be the same as 1 but not 2 Choose letter #4 25 ways (can be the same as 1 or 2 but not 3 Choose letter #5 25 ways (can be the same as 1 or 2 or 3 but not 4 That's 26x25x25x25x25 = 10156250 2. Those which have exactly 1 pair of letters in a row. (a) 12345 (b) 12345 (c) 12345 (d) 12345 XX--- -XX-- --XX- ---XX Choose the position for the 1 pair in a row in 4 ways Choose the letter for X in 26 ways Choose letter #3 in (a), letter #4 in (b), letter #2 in (c) and letter #3 in (d) in 25 ways Choose letter #4 in (a), letter #5 in (b), letter #1 in (c) and letter #2 in (d) in 25 ways Choose letter #5 in (a), letter #1 in (b), letter #5 in (c) and letter #1 in (d) in 25 ways That's 4x26x25x25x25 = 1625000 3. Those which have exactly 2 pairs of letters in a row on either end. 12345 12345 XXYY- XXYY Choose the position for the 2 pair in a row in 2 ways Choose the letter for X in 26 ways Choose the letter for Y in 25 ways Choose the - in 25 ways That's 2x26x25x25 = 32500 4. Those which have two pairs on each end: 12345 XX-YY Choose the letter for X in 26 ways Choose the - in 25 ways Choose the letter for Y in 25 ways That's 26x25x25 = 16250 Total = 10156250 + 1625000 + 32500 + 16250 = 11830000 Edwin