If you have the 8 books in a stack, it does not matter what order they are stacked in, so this is a COMBINATION problem, not a PERMUTATION problem. The is the combination of 16 things taken 8 at a time. C(16,8) = 12870 On the TI-83 or 84 Press ON Press CLEAR Press 16 Press MATH Press 3 Press 8 Press ENTER You will see 16 nCr 8 12870 Edwin