By the definition of factorial, we know that: (n+1)! = (n+1)(n)(n-1)! n! = (n)(n-1)! So the left side becomes: (n+1)(n)(n-1)! - 3(n)(n-1)! + (n-1)! Factor out (n-1)! (n-1)![(n+1)n - 3n + 1) Remove the parentheses inside the brackets: (n-1)![n² + n - 3n + 1] Combine like terms: (n-1)![n²-2n+1] Factor the trinomial in the bracket: (n-1)!(n-1)(n-1) Write (n-1)(n-1) and (n-1)² (n-1)!(n-1)² Edwin