The binomial expansion is easier if you don't call the first term "the first term" but instead call it "the zero-th term", and call the second term "the first term" and then call the last term the nth term, (which is really the (n+1)st term). If you use that "start counting from 0 instead of 1" convention then the Rth term ofis which is sometimes written and sometimes written but it always means , the 0th term's coefficient is or or which means The 1st term's coefficient is or or which means = = = = The 2nd term's coefficient is or or which means = = = = You can also just skip all that cancelling and observe the pattern of what's always left after cancelling: If you needed the 3rd term's coefficient (really the 4th term's), it would be If you needed the 4th term's coefficient (really the 5th term), it would be If you needed the 5th term's coefficient (really the 6th term), it would be etc., etc. So to get the numerator of any term's coefficient, you start with the outer exponent, and multiply it by 1 less, then 1 less, etc. until you have as many factors as the number of term (starting counting from zero, not 1). Then the denominator is just that number factorial. There are always as many factors on top as the number of term (starting counting form 0, not 1). And of course the denominator has that same number of factors, too. Edwin