.
We have the set A of 100 students and three its subsets S (string; 70 elements), W (wooding; 49 elements), and B (brasses; 49 elements).
Let us denote SW the intersection of S and W for brevity; denote SB the intersection of S and B; and denote
WB the intersection of W and B.
Also let us denote SWB the intersection of all the three subsets S, W and B.
We know that the subset S consists of 70 elements, the subset W consists of 49 elements and the subset B consists of 49 elements.
We are also given that SW consists of 20 elements, SB consists of 25 elements, and WB consists of 35 elements.
The question is: how many elements are in SWB?
For any given subset X, let us use the symbol |X| for the number of elements in X.
Then there is a remarkable equality, which connects the number of elements in the set A; in its subsets S, W and B;
in their intersections SW, SB and WB; and in the subset SWB:
|A| = |S| + |W| + |B| - |SW| - |SB| - |WB| + |SWB|. (1)
under the condition that the union of subsets S, W and B covers the entire A: A = S U W U B.
Now look how this equality will help us to solve our problem.
Simply substitute the known values into this equality. You will get
100 = 70 + 49 + 49 - 20 - 25 - 35 + |SWB|. (2)
|SWB| is the only unknown in this equation, and you can easily find it by isolating.
|SWB| = 100 - (70+49+49) + (20+25+35) = 12.
Answer. 12 students play all 3 instruments.
------------
See the lessons
- Counting elements in sub-sets of a given finite set
- Advanced problems on counting elements in sub-sets of a given finite set
in this site.