(R∩S)∪(S∩T)∪(R∩S'∩T') R∩S is made up of the two regions which are in common to the circles R,S. They are regions 2&5, So we can substitute 2&5 for R∩S. (2&5)∪(S∩T)∪(R∩S'∩T') S∩T is made up of the two regions which are in common to the circles S,T. They are regions 5&6, So we can substitute 5&6 for S∩T. (2&5)∪(5&6)∪(R∩S'∩T') R∩S'∩T' is a little more complicated. There are primes (tic marks) on S and T, indicating complements. That means that R∩S'∩T' is the part of R that is NOT part of S, and also NOT part of T. That is only the left part of circle R, the one region 1, because it is the only part of R that is NOT part of the other two circles. So we replace R∩S'∩T' by 1. (2&5)∪(5&6)∪(1) So we end up with the 4 regions 1&2&5&6, so (R∩S)∪(S∩T)∪(R∩S'∩T') = 1&2&5&6 Regions 1 and 2 are the parts of R that are not parts of T. So that's (R∩T') We only need to union that with regions 5 and 6. Regions 5 and 6 are the regions common to S and T (R∩T')∪(S∩T) Edwin