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It is true that the problem is TWISTED and the exact meaning of the words is "in the fog".
Probably, it is because English is not a native language of the person who created the problem;
or, probably, it is a kind of provocation, and the author of the post tries "to check the tutors".
In any case, I will show the way to solve this problem and to get the solution via some interpretation.
Let consider the first sentence
There are 5 more pigeons than twice the parrots in a cage of 50 pets. (*)
Let limit / constrain ourselves by this sentence for a minute and will look what follows from it.
If "x" is the number of parrots, then the number of pigeons is (2x+5), according to (*).
Also, the total of pets (or of birds) in the cage is 50
x + (2x+5) = 50.
It implies
3x = 50 - 5 = 45; hence
x = = 45/3 = 15.
In this way, we just get the ANSWER : 15 parrots and 2*15+5 = 35 = 50-15 pigeons.
So, treating the problem in this way, we just solved it, based on its first sentence ONLY (!)
Now we should analyse what the rest of the problem means; how to interpret it, and how it influences to the
solution and the answer itself.
Tutor @greenestamps interprets the term "adopted" as if 5 birds of each kind are taken off from the cage and
transfered/moved/passed to somewhere outside "to the families".
I will interpret it in opposite way as if 5 birds of each kind are ADDED to the cage.
It DOES NOT contradict to the meaning of the word "adopted" - it is one of possible interpretations.
Then the number of parrots becomes 15+5 = 20 and the number of pigeons becomes 35+5 = 40, and 40 = 2*20,
as the second sentence of the problem states.
Thus I checked the answer above, and my check shows that the answer is correct.
Thus the problem is completely SOLVED via using different interpretation.
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Surely, it is VERY SLIPPERY way to formulate Math problem using the words whose precise meaning
is not known or is not defined.
Strictly saying, it is a PROHIBITED WAY in Math.
So, the formulation would be MUCH BETTER if to replace the term "ADOPTED" by the term "ADDED".
At this point, I complete my solution.