SOLUTION: In an election, 72% of the candidates are dishonest, 75% are incompetent, and 60% hate poor people. So what is the minimum percentage of candidates who are both dishonest, incompet

Algebra.Com
Question 1121424: In an election, 72% of the candidates are dishonest, 75% are incompetent, and 60% hate poor people. So what is the minimum percentage of candidates who are both dishonest, incompetent, and hate poor?
Answer by ikleyn(52873)   (Show Source): You can put this solution on YOUR website!
.
I will assume (to make the solution as clear as possible) that all the pool of candidates is 100 persons.


To make the intersection of different categories minimal, we need (obviously) to make their union maximal.


So, i will assume that 


    a)  72 D-candidates and 75 I-candidates together cover the the entire set of 100 candidates  ====>  

        then their intersection DI consists of  72 + 75 - 100 = 47 persons.



    b)  72 D-candidates and 60 H-candidates together cover the entire set of 100 candidates  ====>  

        then their intersection DH consists of  72 + 60 - 100 = 32 persons.



    c)  75 I-candidates and 60 H-candidates together cover the entire set of 100 candidates  ====>  

        then their intersection IH consists of  75 + 60 - 100 = 35 persons.



Thus I have 3 sub-sets D, I and H  of 72, 75 and 60 elements, respectively, such that

            3 their intersections are  DI of 47 elements;  DH of 32 elements;  and  IH of 35 elements.



I also know that the union  D U I U H  consists of 100 elements.


Now I will use well known formula


    |D U I U H| = D + I + H - DI - DH - IH + IDH      (*)


  (in this formula each symbol means the number of elements in the corresponding subset) = 

                = 72+ 75+ 60 - 47 - 32 - 37 + DIH.


It gives me an equation


   100 = 72 + 75 + 60 - 47 - 32 - 37 + DIH,


which gives me the solution to the problem


   IDH = 100 - (72 + 75 + 60 - 47 - 32 - 37) = 9.


Answer.  The  minimal number of elements in the intersection IDH is 9,

         which gives the answer to the problem of 9%.

------------------

Regarding the formula  (*),  see the lesson
    - Advanced problems on counting elements in sub-sets of a given finite set
in this site.


RELATED QUESTIONS

There are 75 people present to vote new members into their organization. There are 12... (answered by stanbon)
In a certain election, there are 6 candidates for president and 8 candidates for... (answered by fractalier)
three candidates are contesting in an election. candidates a and b have same chanes of... (answered by stanbon)
In an election, one of the two candidates received 65% of the votes and got 1500 votes... (answered by richwmiller)
there are 60 votes in an election there are two candidates, jerry and bill. jerry had... (answered by ikleyn)
Please help me solve this: 3. A graduating class has 420 candidates. If 5% of them... (answered by Boreal)
In an election being held by the Associated Students Organization, there are eight... (answered by greenestamps)
A town's election for mayor drew 75% of the town's 800 eligible voters. What is the... (answered by stanbon)
In an engineering college committee, a president needs to be elected out of 15 eligible... (answered by stanbon)