We follow PE(MD)(AS) rules. We do just one thing and copy everything else over. 20-[9-{7+(2*3)}+5] The innermost parentheses is (2*3) Replace only the (2*3) with 6 and copy everything else over. 20-[9-{7+6}+5] Now the innermost parentheses is (7+6) Replace only the (7+6) with 13 and copy everything else over. 20-[9-13+5] Now the innermost parentheses is [9-13+5]. But it contains three numbers to operate with. Do only the leftmost of the addition or subtraction. That is, replace only the 9-13 with -4 and copy everything else over. 20-[-4+5] The innermost parentheses is [-4+5] Replace only the [-4+5) with 1 and copy everything else over. 20-1 19. Edwin