y =Use the change of base formula: Y = Write as a division: y = 1÷ Invert and multiply: y = 1· y = Bring the denominator to the numerator with a -1 power y = ln(10)·[ln(x)]-1 Now we need two formulas 1) = and 2) = · y = ln(10)·[ln(x)]-1 = -1·ln(10)·[ln(x)]-2 = -ln(10)· = - Edwin