(a) To determine "how long . . . ", solve the equation 16*t^2 = 400. It is easy to do t^2 =t^2 = 25 t = sqrt(25) = 5 seconds. ANSWER (b) The average velocity = = = 80 ft/s. ANSWER (c) In Calculus, velocity is first derivative of the distance over the time v = = = 2*16*5 = 160 ft/s. In Physics, v = g*t, where g is the gravity acceleration g = 2*16 ft/s^2 = 32 ft/s^2, t = 5 seconds, so v = 32*5 = 160 ft/s, giving the same ANSWER