< 1, M ≠ -1 - 1 < 0 Get an LCD of M+1 < 0 < 0 < 0 < 0 The left side must be negative in order for it to be less than 0. Since the numerator is negative (-1), the denominator must be positive. "Positive" means "greater than 0", so we set the denominator > 0 M + 1 > 0 M > -1 That's the solution. Edwin