No. Not (b) since absolute values are never negative! Let's go through them: (a) is onto because for any k ∈ Z, f(k,n) = k, for any n ∈ Z (b) is not onto because for any k ∈ Z where k < 0, f(m,n) = |n| ≠ k for all m,n ∈ Z (c) is onto because for any k ∈ Z, f(k+1,1) = (k+1)-1 = k Edwin