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Consider 81*(7a+3)^4 - 72*(7a+3)^2 + 16.
To simplify writing, introduce new variable u = (7a+3)^2.
Then the given expression takes the form 81u^2 -72u + 16.
From the first glance, it is clear that this expression is a full square
81u^2 -72u + 16 = (9u - 4)^2.
Now return (7a+3)^2 instead of u into this formula. You will get
81*(7a+3)^4 - 72*(7a+3)^2 + 16 = 81u^2 -72u + 16 = (9u - 4)^2 = (9*(7a+3)^2-4)^2 =
= ((21a+9)^2 - 4)^2.
Next, represent (21a+9)^2 - 4 as the difference of squares and factor it further
(21a+9)^2 - 4 = (21a+9)^2 - 2^2 = ((21a+9)-2)*((21a+9)+2) = (21a+7)*(21a+11).
Therefore and finally,
81*(7a+3)^4 - 72*(7a+3)^2 + 16 = (21a+7)^2*(21a+11)^2. ANSWER
It is your desired factoring of the given original expression.
Solved.