The formula (4!)/(2!) = 12 produces the correct number/answer 12; but the logic behind it is DARK. The common/normal/regular logic is the number of permutations of 2 items selected from a group of 4 items is 4*3 = 12. It says that you can place any of 4 items to the 1-st position and then to complete the pair by adding any of 3 remaining items.