(a) f(t) == millions people; t in years since the beginning of 2000. (b) The problem does not give any information and any rationality to extrapolate back. (c) Annual growth factor is 1+0.018 = 1.018. (d) If "a" represents the population (in millions) at some point in time, then an expression in terms of "a" to represent the population exactly 1 year later is b = a*1.018.