We can choose the person to sit in the left-most sofa seat 4 ways. Having chosen 1 person to sit in the left-most sofa seat, we have 3 people remaining to choose to sit in the middle sofa seat. Therefore we can choose the person to sit in the middle sofa seat in 3 ways. That's 4×3 or 12 ways to choose people to sit in the left and middle sofa seats. Having chosen 2 people to sit in the left and middle seats, we have 2 people remaining to choose to sit in the right-most sofa seat. Therefore we can choose the person to sit in the right-most sofa seat 2 ways. [Note: We can choose the person to remain standing only 1 way] Answer: 4×3×2 = 24 ways. Edwin