Just knowing the answers are not sufficient. You must know to solve such problems. In such problems, if the co-efficient of the first term is 1, then do as below:
1) Find out 2 such numbers product of which should be equal to the third term and the sum of the same numbers should be equal to the co-efficient of the second term i.e. middle term. Here in the first problem it is -4 and -9.
2) Verify the sum and product equals to the co-efficients of 2nd and 3rd terms respectively.
3) Now split up the middle term with those numbers as in your first example, it -4y and -9y and write it down as
4) Take the first two terms and the last two terms seperately and factorise each. We get . Then we take the common factor i.e. (y-9)and factorise as (y-9)(y-4) i.e. taking the co-efficients of the common factor i.e. y and -4. That's all. I hope this is clear to you.
gsm