1. a - b = -4 (1)
a + c = 4 (2)
==================> subtract (1) from (2) to get
c + b = 8. (3)
2. = + =
= (a-b)*(a+b) + (a-c)*(a+c) = (replace here a-b with -4 in accordance with (1) )
(replace a+c with 4 in accordance with (2) )
= -4*(a+b) +4*(a-c) = 4*(a -c - a - b) = = -4*(c + b) = (replace here c+b with 8 in accordance with (3) )
= -4*8 = -32.