.
Answer. 50.
80% of the unknown number "x" is 0.8*x.
So, 0.8x = 40, x = = 50.
There is a bunch of lessons on percentage problems in this site:
- Percentage problems
- Percentage word problems (Type 1 problems, Finding the Part)
- Percentage word problems (Type 2 problems, Finding the Rate)
- Percentage word problems (Type 3 problems, Finding the Base)