1 - a²-2ab-b^2 Factor -1 out of the last three terms: 1 - (a²+2ab+b²) Factor the parentheses: 1 - (a+b)(a+b) 1 - (a+b)² 1² - (a+b)² That's the difference of squares: [1 - (a+b)][1 + (z+b)] [1 - a - b][1 + a + b] (1 - a - b)(1 + a + b) Edwin