Put a under the in the top and under the on the bottom so everything will be a fraction: Enclose every fraction within parentheses: Since the LCD for all four fractions top and bottom is , multiply top and bottom by written as Cancel the 's in two places: Ignoring all the denominators, all we have left is Use FOIL to change to to to and multiply out the bottom: Factor the numerator and denominator: Cancel the 's All that's left is Edwin