The change of base formula is:= or = Therefore = x = = = .3010299957 or you can use: = x = = = .3010299957 = .3010299957 ------------------------ Log12 (1243)=x = x = = = 2.867424856 or you can use: = x = = = 2.867424856 ------------------- Notice that you may use either "log" (which is base 10) or "ln" (which is base "e"). Both are on your calculator. The numbers you divide will be different but when you divide them you will always get the same answer either way. Edwin