ln(1/x) = 2 On the left side, use this rule of logarithms: ln(A/B) = ln(A) - ln(B) with A = 1 and B = x ln(1) - ln(x) = 2 0 - ln(x) = 2 -ln(x) = 2 Multiply or divide thru by -1 ln(x) = -2 Use this equation-exchange rule: The equation ln(A) = B is equivalent to and may be replaced by the equation A = eB. with A = 2 and B = -2 So equation ln(x) = -2 becomes equation x = e-2, or by calculator, x = .1353352832 Edwin McCravy AnlytcPhil@aol.com