"A dolphin cannot fly and a bird can swim" is false. Let variables P and Q stand for the 'positive' idea of verbs: (That is, we use 'can fly' rather than 'cannot fly'): Let P = "A dolphin can fly." Let Q = "A bird can swim. Then only the first part in quotation marks, that is, "A dolphin cannot fly and a bird can swim" (without "is false") in symbols is ~P & Q Then annexing of "is false" means that we are negating that and we must put parentheses around it and a ~ (negation symbol) before it. ~(~P & Q) Demorgan's law says this is equivalent to ~~P v ~Q The double negation before P makes it P v ~Q A dolphin can fly or a bird cannot swim. That is one possible solution. However there is another equivalent statement we could get. By commutation we get: ~Q v P which in words is: "A bird cannot swim or a dolphin can fly Then we can use 'material implication' to get Q -> P which means If Q then P which in words is If a bird can swim, then a dolphin can fly. That is another possible solution. [All statements above which are in red are equivalent to the given statement.] Edwin