SOLUTION: Write the argument belowin symbols to determine whether it is valid or invalid. State a reason for your conclusion. Specify the p and q you used. If the koi are swimming in the

SOLUTION: Write the argument belowin symbols to determine whether it is valid or invalid. State a reason for your conclusion. Specify the p and q you used. If the koi are swimming in the

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Question 261272: Write the argument belowin symbols to determine whether it is valid or invalid. State a reason for your conclusion. Specify the p and q you used.
If the koi are swimming in the pond, then the birds are chirping.
The koi are not swimming in the pond.
The birds are not chirping.

I am so confused and need help please.
Answer by solver91311(24713) (Show Source): You can put this solution on YOUR website!

Let

represent "The koi are swimming in the pond"

Let

represent "The birds are chirping"

Then "If the koi are swimming in the pond, then the birds are chirping" can be represented by either:

If

then

or

"The koi are not swimming in the pond" is the negation of statement

, or

But Material Implication says that

is equivalent to

But since we are given

,

is true regardless of the value of

. Therefore knowing

implies nothing regarding the value of

and the argument is invalid.

John

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