.
Let "b" be the number of bicycles and "t" be the number of tricycles, NOT COUNTING Jacky's bike.
Then from the condition, you have this equation
2b + 3t = 12, (1) (counting wheels).
Thus you have one equation for 2 unknowns.
But you have, in addition, a restriction that the solution must be in INTEGER NON-NEGATIVE numbers.
It is very serious restriction, and in your case it provides a unique solution.
With this restriction, equation (1) has these and only these soLutions
a b
-------------------
0 4
3 2
6 0
Now, from the condition, it is NATURALLY to assume that a > 0 and b > 0.
Then you have ONLY ONE solution a= 3, b= 2.
So, there are 3 bicycles and 2 tricycles, not counting Jacky's bike.
In this way, you get the ANSWER :
there are 3 + 2 = 5 children on the playground, non counting Jacky herself.
Or 5+1 = 6, counting Jacky.
The problem is solved.